Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia

DiseaseDisorder infobox
Name = Aspiration pneumonia


Caption = Histopathologic image of aspiration pneumonia in an elderly patient with debilitating neurologic illness. Note foreign-body giant cell reaction. Autopsy case. H & E stain.
ICD10 = ICD10|J|69|0|j|60, ICD10|P|24|9|p|20
ICD9 = ICD9|507, ICD9|770.12, ICD9|770.14, ICD9|770.16, ICD9|770.18
ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus = 000121
eMedicineSubj = emerg
eMedicineTopic = 464
DiseasesDB =
MeshID = D011015

Aspiration pneumonia is bronchopneumonia that develops due to the entrance of foreign materials that enter the bronchial tree, usually oral or gastric contents (including food, saliva, or nasal secretions). Depending on the acidity of the aspirate, a chemical pneumonitis can develop, and bacterial pathogens (particularly anaerobic bacteria) may add to the inflammation.

Causes

Aspiration pneumonia is often caused by an incompetent swallowing mechanism, such as occurs in some forms of neurological disease (a common cause being strokes) or while a person is intoxicated. An iatrogenic cause is during general anaesthesia for an operation and patients are therefore instructed to be nil per os (NPO) for at least four hours before surgery.

Whether aspiration pneumonia represents a true bacterial infection or a chemical inflammatory process remains the subject of significant controversy. Both causes may present with similar symptoms.

Location

The location is often gravity dependent, and depends on the patient position. Generally the right middle and lower lung lobes are the most common sites of infiltrate formation due to the larger caliber and more vertical orientation of the right mainstem bronchus. Patients who aspirate while standing can have bilateral lower lung lobe infiltrates. The right upper lobe is a common area of consolidation in alcoholics who aspirate in the prone position. [cite web | url = http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic464.htm | title = eMedicine.com: Pneumonia, Aspiration" | author = Anand Swaminathan, MD Retrieved: 2007-01-20] Depending on the acidity of the aspirate, a chemical pneumonitis can develop, and bacterial pathogens (particularly anaerobic bacteria) may add to the inflammation.

ee also

* Dysphagia
* Meconium aspiration syndrome
* Nosocomial pneumonia

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Aspiration pneumonia — Infection of the lungs due to aspiration (the sucking in of food particles or fluids into the * * * pneumonia due to the entrance of foreign matter, such as food particles or oral secretions, into the respiratory passages or lungs. Called also… …   Medical dictionary

  • aspiration pneumonia — /ˌæspəreɪʃən njuˈmoʊnjə/ (say .aspuhrayshuhn nyooh mohnyuh) noun Medicine pneumonia which has developed as a result of aspiration (def. 5) …  

  • aspiration pneumonia — noun inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus; may occur during unconsciousness (anesthesia or drunkenness or seizure or cardiac arrest) • Hypernyms: ↑bronchopneumonia, ↑bronchial pneumonia * * * noun : pneumonia… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Aspiration — may refer to:*Aspiration (phonetics), the release of a strong burst of air after some obstruents *Engine aspiration method: **Naturally aspirated engine, an internal combustion engine that relies on atmospheric pressure for air intake… …   Wikipedia

  • Pneumonia — For other uses, see Pneumonia (disambiguation). Pneumonia Classification and external resources A chest X ray showing a very prominent wedge shaped bacterial pneumonia in the right lung …   Wikipedia

  • oil aspiration pneumonia — lipid p …   Medical dictionary

  • Classification of pneumonia — Pneumonia can be classified in several ways, most commonly by where it was acquired (hospital verses community), but may also by the area of lung affected or by the causative organism.[1] There is also a combined clinical classification, which… …   Wikipedia

  • pneumonia — Inflammation of the lung parenchyma characterized by consolidation of the affected part, the alveolar air spaces being filled with exudate, inflammatory cells, and fibrin. Most cases are due to infection by bacteria or viruses, a few to …   Medical dictionary

  • Pneumonia — Bei der Lungenentzündung oder Pneumonie handelt es sich um eine akute oder chronische Entzündung des Lungengewebes. Sie wird meist durch eine Infektion mit Bakterien, Viren oder Pilzen verursacht, selten auch toxisch durch Inhalation giftiger… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • aspiration pneumonitis — see under pneumonia …   Medical dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”